| 导读 | 每当我们想简单的实现文件上传功能，而又不使用其他的语言（比如PHP、Java），或者想实现文件的断点续传。这个时候Nginx的一个模块nginx-upload-module就能满足我们的需求。 |
模块安装
下载模块：
cd /tmpwget https://codeload.github.com/vkholodkov/nginx-upload-module/zip/2.2unzip 2.2
安装模块：
.configure --add-module=/tmp/nginx-upload-module-2.2/
multipart/form-data表单上传示例
nginx.conf配置：
server { [...] location /upload { upload_pass @uploadHandler; upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp 1; upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path"; } location @uploadHandler { proxy_pass http://backend-host; } [...] } 这里在server里定义了upload location，这个location是上传的接口，还有@uploadHandler location，是当文件上传完成后，nginx模块会对这个location发送一些必要的信息，如文件上传的路径，这里涉及了几个指令：
upload_pass @uploadHandler：上传完成后会发送必要的数据到@uploadHandler;
upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp 1: 文件上传的临时目录; upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path “$upload_tmp_path”: 设置文件上传完成后，把文件临时路径发送给upload_pass指定的location。
断点续传示例
nginx.conf配置
server {[...] location /resumable_upload { upload_resumable on; upload_state_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp ; upload_pass @drivers_upload_handler; upload_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp; upload_set_form_field $upload_field_name.path "$upload_tmp_path"; } location @resumable_upload_handler { proxy_pass http://localhost:8002; } [...] } 与上一步multipart/form-data表单上传示例配置不同的地方有：
upload_resumable on: 开启断点续传功能; upload_state_store /usr/local/nginx/upload_temp: 设置断点续传状态文件存储的目录。
上传文件第一个片段
POST /upload HTTP/1.1Host: example.comContent-Length: 51201Content-Type: application/octet-streamContent-Disposition: attachment; filename="big.TXT"X-Content-Range: bytes 0-51200/511920Session-ID: 1111215056 <0-51200的字节文件数据>
上传文件第一个片段服务器响应
HTTP/1.1 201 CreatedDate: Thu, 02 Sep 2010 12:54:40 GMTContent-Length: 14Connection: closeRange: 0-51200/511920 0-51200/511920
上传文件最后一个片段
POST /upload HTTP/1.1Host: example.comContent-Length: 51111Content-Type: application/octet-streamContent-Disposition: attachment; filename="big.TXT"X-Content-Range: bytes 460809-511919/511920Session-ID: 1111215056<460809-511919字节文件数据>
上传文件最后一个片段服务器响应
HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Thu, 02 Sep 2010 12:54:43 GMTContent-Type: text/htmlConnection: closeContent-Length: 2270 < 响应的内容>
请求头说明
请求头 说明Content-Disposition attachment, filename=“上传的文件名”Content-Type 待上传文件的mime type,如application/octet-stream(注:不能为multipart/form-data)X-Content-Range 待上传文件字节范围,如第一片段bytes 0-51200/511920,最后一个片段bytes 460809-511919/511920(注:文件第一个字节标号为0,最后一个字节标号为n-1,其中n为文件字节大小)X-Session-ID 上传文件的标识,由客户端随机指定.因为是断点续传,客户端必须确保同一个文件的所有片段上传标识一致Content-Length 上传片段的大小
Python上传demo
#!/usr/bin/python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import os.pathimport requestsimport hashlib # 待上传文件路径FILE_UPLOAD = "/tmp/testfile"# 上传接口地址UPLOAD_URL = "http://host/drivers_upload"# 单个片段上传的字节数SEGMENT_SIZE = 1048576 def upload(fp, file_pos, size, file_size): session_id = get_session_id() fp.seek(file_pos) payload = fp.read(size) content_range = "bytes {file_pos}-{pos_end}/{file_size}".format(file_pos=file_pos, pos_end=file_pos+size-1,file_size=file_size) headers = {'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename="big.TXT"','Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream', 'X-Content-Range':content_range,'Session-ID': session_id,'Content-Length': size} res = requests.post(UPLOAD_URL, data=payload, headers=headers) print(res.text) # 根据文件名hash获得session iddef get_session_id(): m = hashlib.md5() file_name = os.path.basename(FILE_UPLOAD) m.update(file_name) return m.hexdigest() def main(): file_pos = 0 file_size = os.path.getsize(FILE_UPLOAD) fp = open(FILE_UPLOAD,"r") while True: if file_pos + SEGMENT_SIZE >= file_size: upload(fp, file_pos, file_size - file_pos, file_size) fp.close() break else: upload(fp, file_pos, SEGMENT_SIZE, file_size) file_pos = file_pos + SEGMENT_SIZE if __name__ == "__main__": main() 免费提供最新Linux技术教程书籍，为开源技术爱好者努力做得更多更好：https://www.linuxprobe.com/